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2023全球十大工程成就 2

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Effects of DNA damage on oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryonic development

Shen YIN,Junyu MA,Wei SHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第1卷 第3期   页码 185-190 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014035

摘要: DNA damage is one of the most common threats to meiotic cells. It has the potential to induce infertility and genetic abnormalities that may be passed to the embryo. Here, we reviewed exogenous factors which could induce DNA damage. Specially, we addressed the different effects of DNA damage on mouse oocytes and embryonic development. Complex DNA damage, double-strand breaks, represents a more difficult repair process and involves various repair pathways. Understanding the mechanisms involved in DNA damage responses may improve therapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer and fertility preservation.

关键词: DNA damage     double-strand breaks (DSBs)     oocyte     embryo    

Mechanisms and impacts of chromosomal translocations in cancers

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 263-274 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0215-5

摘要:

Chromosomal aberrations have been associated with cancer development since their discovery more than a hundred years ago. Chromosomal translocations, a type of particular structural changes involving heterologous chromosomes, have made a critical impact on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancers. For example, the discovery of translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and the subsequent success of targeting the fusion product BCR-ABL transformed the therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia. In the past few decades, tremendous progress has been achieved towards elucidating the mechanism causing chromosomal translocations. This review focuses on the basic mechanisms underlying the generation of chromosomal translocations. In particular, the contribution of frequency of DNA double strand breaks and spatial proximity of translocating loci is discussed.

关键词: DNA double strand breaks     chromosomal translocations     genomic instability     spatial proximity     carcinogenesis    

Correlativity study between expression of DNA double-strand break repair protein and radiosensitivity

Liang ZHUANG, Shiying YU, Xiaoyuan HUANG, Yang CAO, Huihua XIONG

《医学前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 26-29 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0008-7

摘要: DNA double-strand break (DSB) is generally regarded as the most lethal of all DNA lesions after radiation. Ku80, DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) proteins are major DSB repair proteins. In this study, survival fraction at 2Gy (SF2) values of eight human tumor cell lines (including four human cervical carcinoma cell lines HeLa, SiHa, C33A, Caski, three human breast carcinoma cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, and one human lung carcinoma cell line A549) were acquired by clone formation assay, and western blot was applied to detect the expressions of Ku80, DNA-PKcs and ATM protein. The correlativity of protein expression with SF2 value was analyzed by Pearson linear correlation analysis. We found that the expression of same protein in different cell lines and the expression of three proteins in the same cell line had a significant difference. The SF2 values were also different in eight tumor cell lines and there was a positive correlativity between the expression of DNA-PKcs and SF2 ( =0.723, = 0.043), but Ku80 and ATM expression had no correlation with SF2 ( >0.05). These findings suggest that the expression level of DNA-PKcs protein can be an indicator for predicting the radiosensitivity of tumor cells.

关键词: Ku80     DNA-PK(cs)-binding protein     human     ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein     tumor cell lines     radiosensitivity    

Microbial community structure in different wastewater treatment processes characterized by single-strand

ZHAO Yangguo, WANG Aijie, REN Nanqi, ZHAO Yan

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 116-121 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0018-8

摘要: In order to investigate microbial community structures in different wastewater treatment processes and understand the relationship between the structures and the status of processes, the microbial community diversity, variety and distribution in five wastewater treatment pro cesses were studied by a culture-independent genetic fingerprinting technique single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). The five processes included denitrifying and phosphate-removal system (diminished N), Chinese traditional medicine wastewater treatment system (P), beer wastewater treatment system (W), fermentative biohydrogen-producing system (H), and sulfate-reduction system (S). The results indicated that the microbial community profiles in the wastewater bioreactors with the uniform status were very similar. The diversity of microbial populations was correlated with the complexity of organic contaminants in wastewater. Chinese traditional medicine wastewater contained more complex organic components; hence, the population diversity was higher than that of simple nutrient bioreactors fed with molasses wastewater. Compared with the strain bands in a simulated community, the relative proportion of some functional microbial populations in bioreactors was not dominant. Fermentative biohydrogen producer in the better condition bioreactor had only a 5% band density, and the sp. in the sulfate-reducing bioreactor had less than 1.5% band density. The SSCP profiles could identify the difference in microbial community structures in wastewater treatment processes, monitor some of the functional microbes in these processes, and consequently provide useful guidance for improving their efficiency.

关键词: technique single-strand     proportion     bioreactor     community diversity     fingerprinting technique    

工程化DNA材料构建DNA活字系统实现可持续的数据存储 Article

巩子祎, 宋理富, 裴广胜, 董雨菲, 李炳志, 元英进

《工程(英文)》 2023年 第29卷 第10期   页码 130-136 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.023

摘要:

DNA分子作为一种具有潜力的数据存储绿色材料,具有密度高和保存期长的优势。然而,目前DNA数据存储的数据写入依赖于DNA从头合成,写入成本高昂,且产生有害物,限制了其实际应用。在本研究中,我们开发了一种DNA活字存储系统,该系统可以利用由细胞工厂预生产的DNA活字片段进行数据写入。在这个系统中,这些预先生成的DNA片段,在这里称为“DNA活字”,是可重复使用的基本数据单元。通过这些DNA活字的快速组装来实现数据写入,从而避免了昂贵且对环境有害的DNA化学合成过程。通过DNA活字片段的反复使用和生物组装,该系统在降低写入成本方面的潜力非常突出,为经济和可持续的DNA数据存储技术开辟了一条新颖路线。

关键词: 合成生物学     DNA信息存储     DNA活字存储系统     经济性DNA数据存储    

Secondary transfer length and residual prestress of fractured strand in post-tensioned concrete beams

Lizhao DAI; Wengang XU; Lei WANG; Shanchang YI; Wen CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 388-400 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0809-1

摘要: An experimental study is performed on five post-tensioned concrete beams to explore the effects of different fracture positions on secondary transfer length and residual prestress of fractured strand. A numerical model is developed and used to predict the secondary transfer length and residual prestress of fractured strand in post-tensioned concrete beams. The model change interaction, which can deactivate and reactivate the elements for simulating the removal and reproduction of parts of the model, is used to reproduce the secondary anchorage of fractured strand. The numerical model is verified by experimental results. Results shows that the fractured strand can be re-anchored in concrete through the secondary anchorage, and the secondary transfer length of fractured strand with the diameter of 15.2 mm is 1133 mm. The residual prestress of fractured strand increases gradually in the secondary transfer length, and tends to be a constant beyond it. When the fractured strand is fully anchored in concrete, a minor prestress loss will appear, and the average prestress loss is 2.28% in the present study.

关键词: post-tensioned concrete beams     strand fracture     secondary transfer length     residual prestress    

The role of PARP1 in the DNA damage response and its application in tumor therapy

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 156-164 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0197-3

摘要:

Single-strand break repair protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) catalyzes the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of many key proteins in vivo and thus plays important roles in multiple DNA damage response pathways, rendering it a promising target in cancer therapy. The tumor-suppressor effects of PARP inhibitors have attracted significant interest for development of novel cancer therapies. However, recent evidence indicated that the underlying mechanism of PARP inhibitors in tumor therapy is more complex than previously expected. The present review will focus on recent progress on the role of PARP1 in the DNA damage response and PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy. The emerging resistance of BRCA-deficient tumors to PARP inhibitors is also briefly discussed from the perspective of DNA damage and repair. These recent research advances will inform the selection of patient populations who can benefit from the PARP inhibitor treatment and development of effective drug combination strategies.

关键词: PARP1     synthetic lethality     PARP inhibitor     DNA repair     cancer     NHEJ    

Functional role of ATM in the cellular response to DNA damage

Ming LIU, Wenxiang HU

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 179-187 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0268-4

摘要: Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) plays a key role in regulating the cellular response to ionizing radiation. The tumor-suppressor gene ATM, mutations in which cause the human genetic disease ataxia telangiectasia, encodes a key protein kinase that controls the cellular response to double-stranded breaks. Activation of ATM results in phosphorylation of many downstream targets that modulate numerous damage response pathways, most notably cell cycle checkpoints. Here, we highlight some of the new developments in the field in our understanding of the mechanism of activation of ATM and its signaling pathways, explore whether DNA double-strand breaks are the sole activators of ATM and ATM-dependent signaling pathways, and address some of the prominent, unanswered questions related to ATM and its function. The scope of this article is to provide a brief overview of the recent literature on this subject and to raise questions that could be addressed in future studies.

关键词: ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)     cell cycle checkpoint     DNA damage     signalling transduction    

Generation and repair of AID-initiated DNA lesions in B lymphocytes

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 201-216 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0324-4

摘要:

Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates the secondary antibody diversification process in B lymphocytes. In mammalian B cells, this process includes somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR), both of which require AID. AID induces U:G mismatch lesions in DNA that are subsequently converted into point mutations or DNA double stranded breaks during SHM/CSR. In a physiological context, AID targets immunoglobulin (Ig) loci to mediate SHM/CSR. However, recent studies reveal genome-wide access of AID to numerous non-Ig loci. Thus, AID poses a threat to the genome of B cells if AID-initiated DNA lesions cannot be properly repaired. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the specificity of AID targeting and the repair pathways responsible for processing AID-initiated DNA lesions.

关键词: class switch recombination     somatic hypermutation     activation-induced deaminase     DNA repair     genomic instability    

Molecular simulation of the interaction mechanism between CodY protein and DNA in

Linchen Yuan, Hao Wu, Yue Zhao, Xiaoyu Qin, Yanni Li

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 133-139 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1737-4

摘要: In , the global transcriptional regulatory factor CodY can interact with the promoter DNA to regulate the growth, metabolism, environmental adaptation and other biological activities of the strains. In order to study the mechanism of interaction between CodY and its target DNA, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the binding process at molecular level. Through the calculations of the free energy of binding, hydrogen bonding and energy decomposition, nine key residues of CodY were identified, corresponding to SER184, SER186, SER208, THR217, ARG218, SER219, ASN223, LYS242 and GLY243, among which SER186, ARG218 and LYS242 play a vital role in DNA binding. Our research results provide important theoretical guidance for using wet-lab methods to study and optimize the metabolic network regulated by CodY.

关键词: CodY     DNA     molecular docking     molecular dynamics    

Environmental pollution and DNA methylation: carcinogenesis, clinical significance, and practical applications

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 261-274 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0406-y

摘要:

Environmental pollution is one of the main causes of human cancer. Exposures to environmental carcinogens result in genetic and epigenetic alterations which induce cell transformation. Epigenetic changes caused by environmental pollution play important roles in the development and progression of environmental pollution-related cancers. Studies on DNA methylation are among the earliest and most conducted epigenetic research linked to cancer. In this review, the roles of DNA methylation in carcinogenesis and their significance in clinical medicine were summarized, and the effects of environmental pollutants, particularly air pollutants, on DNA methylation were introduced. Furthermore, prospective applications of DNA methylation to environmental pollution detection and cancer prevention were discussed.

关键词: environmental pollution     DNA methylation     cancer     biomarker     diagnosis     therapy     prevention    

人类科学家打破AI在矩阵乘法算法上长期保持的纪录

Dana Mackenzie

《工程(英文)》 2023年 第28卷 第9期   页码 1-3 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.002

悬索桥主缆单元索股水平收放索技术应用智能放索装置研制

沈旺,俞建群,顾庆华,毛优达

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第7期   页码 4-7

摘要:

介绍了悬索桥主缆单元索股放索时,针对水平收放索技术的一种被动式智能放索装置的设计原理、组装和试验,以及在使用此智能放索装置后,主缆单元索股放索质量的提高。

关键词: 悬索桥     主缆单元索股     智能     放索装置    

表征不同DNA高阶结构的单分子分析方法 Review

刘泳麟, 边天元, 刘岩, 李治民, 裴羽丰, 宋杰

《工程(英文)》 2023年 第24卷 第5期   页码 277-292 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.009

摘要:

DNA不仅是生命遗传信息的载体,而且是一种高度可编程和自组装的纳米材料。不同的DNA结构与其生物学和化学功能有关。因此,了解各种DNA结构的物理和化学性质在生物学和纳米化学中具有重要意义。然而,群体分子实验忽略了溶液中DNA结构的异质性。单分子分析方法是观察单个分子的行为和探测自由能态的高异质性的有力工具。本文介绍了单分子检测和操纵等单分子分析方法,并讨论了这些方法如何用于测量单/双链DNA(ss/dsDNA)、DNA高阶结构和DNA纳米结构的分子性质。最后,将DNA纳米技术和单分子分析方法进行结合以了解DNA和其他生物物质、软物质的生物物理特性。

关键词: 单分子分析方法     DNA结构     力学性能     构象转变    

基于探针图的并行型图顶点着色DNA计算模型 Article

许进, 强小利, 张凯, 张成, 杨静

《工程(英文)》 2018年 第4卷 第1期   页码 61-77 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.02.011

摘要:
目前DNA 计算机研究中遇到的最大瓶颈是解空间指数爆炸问题,即随着问题规模的增大,所需要作为信息处理“数据”的DNA分子呈指数级增大。本文提出了一种新颖的图顶点着色DNA计算模型,该模型正是围绕着如何克服解空间指数爆炸问题以及如何提高运行速度而设计的。本文以一个3-着色的61 个顶点的图为例,实验表明,99% 的非可行解在构建初始解空间时就被删除,并利用DNA 自组装和并行PCR 方法,通过识别、拼接以及组装等技术得到解。

关键词: DNA计算     图顶点着色问题     聚合酶链反应(PCR)    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Effects of DNA damage on oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryonic development

Shen YIN,Junyu MA,Wei SHEN

期刊论文

Mechanisms and impacts of chromosomal translocations in cancers

null

期刊论文

Correlativity study between expression of DNA double-strand break repair protein and radiosensitivity

Liang ZHUANG, Shiying YU, Xiaoyuan HUANG, Yang CAO, Huihua XIONG

期刊论文

Microbial community structure in different wastewater treatment processes characterized by single-strand

ZHAO Yangguo, WANG Aijie, REN Nanqi, ZHAO Yan

期刊论文

工程化DNA材料构建DNA活字系统实现可持续的数据存储

巩子祎, 宋理富, 裴广胜, 董雨菲, 李炳志, 元英进

期刊论文

Secondary transfer length and residual prestress of fractured strand in post-tensioned concrete beams

Lizhao DAI; Wengang XU; Lei WANG; Shanchang YI; Wen CHEN

期刊论文

The role of PARP1 in the DNA damage response and its application in tumor therapy

null

期刊论文

Functional role of ATM in the cellular response to DNA damage

Ming LIU, Wenxiang HU

期刊论文

Generation and repair of AID-initiated DNA lesions in B lymphocytes

null

期刊论文

Molecular simulation of the interaction mechanism between CodY protein and DNA in

Linchen Yuan, Hao Wu, Yue Zhao, Xiaoyu Qin, Yanni Li

期刊论文

Environmental pollution and DNA methylation: carcinogenesis, clinical significance, and practical applications

null

期刊论文

人类科学家打破AI在矩阵乘法算法上长期保持的纪录

Dana Mackenzie

期刊论文

悬索桥主缆单元索股水平收放索技术应用智能放索装置研制

沈旺,俞建群,顾庆华,毛优达

期刊论文

表征不同DNA高阶结构的单分子分析方法

刘泳麟, 边天元, 刘岩, 李治民, 裴羽丰, 宋杰

期刊论文

基于探针图的并行型图顶点着色DNA计算模型

许进, 强小利, 张凯, 张成, 杨静

期刊论文